Facts in five - Canada


  • Revised 2005 May 20

  • Entry into Canada
    Admission into Canada is only a right possessed by permanent residents and citizens of Canada. All others are conditionally admitted at the sole discretion of the Federal Authorities.

    As of 2005, citizens or permanent residents of the United States (U.S.) do not as yet require visas or passports to visit Canada. Passports are nonetheless recommended as they verify citizenship and possess more more authority than any other form of identification. Where a current passport is not available, U.S. citizens should carry identification papers (originals or certified true copies only) showing their citizenship, such as, birth, baptismal, naturalisation or voter's certificates plus one identification card containing a photo. Permanent residents of the U.S. are advised to carry their Resident Alien Card (US. Form 1-151 or Form 1-551). Further information can be obtained from the Canadian Embassy and Consulates.

    Citizens and residents of other nationalities planning to visit Canada should consult the nearest Canadian Consular office for requirements applying to their specific case before arranging transport.

    Currency
    Money in Canada is denominated in dollars and cents, as in the U.S. Because of fluctuating exchange rates, there likely will be a difference in value between the two currencies. Although American currency is customarily accepted at retail establishments in Canada, visitors should exchange their funds (or traveller's cheques) for Canadian dollars at a financial institution, where they will receive the prevailing rate of exchange. Less favourable rates of exchange are commonly encountered at commercial establishments.

    Canadian banknotes are provided in denominations of $100.00, $50.00, $20.00, $10.00 and $5.00. Coins are available in denominations of $2.00, $1.00, 0.25, 0.10, 0.05 and 0.01. The $2.00 bill may be found in circulation but was withdrawn from issue effective January 1, 1996. The $1,000.00 and $1.00 bills were withdrawn earlier and are seldom encountered. Due to counterfeiting and the growth in use of debit cards many establishments no longer accept $100.00 or $50.00 notes.

    Canadian banknotes possess distinguishing colours for each denomination; blue for $5.00, purple for $10.00, green for $20.00, red for $50.00, and brown for $100.00 notes. The most recent series of notes were issued between 2001 and 2004, incorporate many anti-counterfeiting security features, and are markedly different in appearance from earlier notes.

    The Canadian $2.00 coin is a bimetalic medalion with a nickle-silver surround and a polished brass centre. The $1.00 coin is entirely polished brass, while the remaining coins are entirely nickel-silver in colour. A nickel-silver dollar coin and a $0.50 piece are also minted but are rarely found in circulation. American quarters are nearly identical to Canadian 25 cent pieces in physical characteristics and will usually function in most mechanical coin operated devices. However, they may fail in more modern electronic machines.

    Credit cards
    Most American credit cards are honoured in Canada. Most U.S. debit cards can be used in Canada. Except for ATMs identified as providing United States currency, ATM withdrawals will be disbursed in Canadian funds and converted to U.S. dollars on the account holder's bank statement.

    Telephone
    Most U.S. calling cards are compatible with Canada's phone systems. Cell phones can usually have roaming priviledges established by calling 611.

    Tipping
    Tips or service charges are typically excluded from a service bill in Canada. In general, a tip of up to 15% of the total amount is given. This applies to waiters, waitresses, barbers and hairdressers, taxi drivers, etc. Bellhops, doormen, redcaps (porters) etc., at hotels, airports, and railway stations are generally paid $1.00 or $2.00 per item of luggage.

    Health insurance
    Canadian hospital and medical services are excellent. It is recommended that visitors to Canada obtain traveller's health insurance before leaving their country because health insurance plans often do not extend coverage for services received outside the country of residence. Visitors may find they have either no health insurance or inadequate coverage when in Canada. Visitors taking medicine prescribed by a doctor should bring a copy of the prescription in case it needs to be renewed by a doctor in Canada.

    Very Important. If you are transporting medications across an international border then you MUST have IN YOUR POSSESSION an original prescription from the dispensing physician. Possession of controlled sustances without proof of authorization and medical need is a serious matter and may be cause to be declined admission into Canada or even lead to criminal charges.

    Possession of a prescription may not be sufficent in itself to have it filled in Canada. Many jurisdictions require that pharmacists may only dispense prescriptions issued by a local physician. Bring enough medication to last your stay and provide a reserve for contingincies plus an emergency supply stored separately in case of theft or loss.

    Emergency
    In all major metropolitan centres and most cities, 911 emergency telephone service exists. In smaller centres, towns and villages dial 0 for the operator and state your location and the nature of the emergency.

    Cellular phones
    Most cellular companies will permit roamers to use their network. Call 611 to register your phone. Be advised, any discount program you may have with your primary carrier will not be in effect while roaming. Further, you may be billed at a higher rate than for normal non-discounted calls in your own provider's area of operation. All major centres in Canada have cellular phone service and the corridor from Quebec City through to Windsor is completely serviced throughout its length.

    Metric conversion
    Canada uses the metric system. Visitors will find weather temperature reports given in degrees Celsius, gasoline sold by the litre (milk and wine by millilitres and litres), grocery items in grams and kilograms, clothing sizes in centimetres, fabric lengths in metres and road speeds posted in kilometres per hour. Some approximate conversion values are provided below.

    1 U.S. gallon = 3.78 litres
    1 litre = 1 U.S. quart
    1 fluid ounce (oz) = 30 cc or 30 ml or 0.03 litres
    1 tablespoon = 15 ml
    1 teaspoon = 5 ml
    1 mile = 1.6 kilometres
    1 yard = 91 cm or 0.91 meters
    1 meter = 39 inches
    1 inch = 25.4 mm or 2.54 cm or 0.0254 meters
    1 pound = 450 grams
    1 kilogram = 2.2 pounds
    1 ounce avd. = 28 grams
    0 degrees Fahrenheit = -16 degrees Celsius
    32 degrees Fahrenheit = 0 degrees Celsius
    68 degrees Fahrenheit = 20 degrees Celsius
    86 degrees Fahrenheit = 30 degrees Celsius
    a litre of fresh water weighs one kilogram

    Climate
    Local weather conditions vary considerably due to Canada's large size. However, daily and extended weather forecasts are readily available from radio and television stations and newspapers. In summer, hotels, restaurants, theatres, cinemas and stores are air-conditioned. In winter, all private and public buildings, railway stations and bus terminals are heated, and all main highways are cleared of snow. Although days in summer are warm, evenings may be cool, and visitors planning fishing, camping or canoeing trips should bring medium-and heavier-weight apparel in addition to summer clothing. The temperature is reported in degrees Celsius.

    Time
    Standard time zones are observed from November to March. Canada spans six time zones. Add or subtract the stated adjustment to local time to arrive at the time in the referenced time zone. For example, if you are in St. John's, Newfoundland and local time is 08:00 am, then Eastern Time Zone is 06:30 am (-1.5) and Greenwich Mean Time is 11:30 am.(+3.5):

  • Newfoundland Standard Time: ETZ -1.5 hours GMT+3.5 Island of Newfoundland only
  • Atlantic Standard Time: ETZ -1 hour GMT+4 includes Labrador, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island and New Brunswick
  • Eastern Standard Time GMT +5 includes Quebec and Central, Eastern and Southern Ontario
  • Central Standard Time: ETZ +1 hour GMT +6 North Western Ontario, Manitoba and Saskatchewan
  • Mountain Standard Time: ETZ +2 hours GMT +7 Alberta
  • Pacific Standard Time: ETZ +3 hours GMT +8 British Columbia, Yukon Territory
  • Daylight Saving Time
    Each year, on the first Sunday in April, Daylight Saving Time comes into effect in most of Canada and clocks are advanced by one hour. On the last Sunday in October, Canada reverts to Standard Time.

    Drivers' licenses
    American state driver's licenses are valid in Canada for varying periods of time as legislated by individual provinces and territories. The 1949 International Driving Permit is also valid but it must be accompanied at all times by the visitor's state or national driver's license.

    Radar detection devices
    The possession and use of radar detection devices is illegal in most provinces. It is suggested that units be rendered inoperable and placed inside a piece of luggage when travelling in Canada. In any case, most police departments have switched to laser speed detectors which reduces the usefulness of these devices.

    Seatbelts
    The use of seatbelts is mandatory in most Canadian Provinces and Territories. Stiff fines and possible suspension of driving privileges are the consequences of failing to wear your seatbelt. Buckle up.

    Drinking and driving
    Driving under the influence of alcohol is a serious criminal offence in Canada. A prior conviction for this offence in any other jurisdiction, no matter how long ago, is sufficient reason to be denied entry into Canada. If you require an exemption to enter Canada, contact the nearest Canadian Consulate.

    If you are caught driving in Canada while having a blood alcohol content greater than the maximum permitted, the best you may hope for is a very heavy fine and the loss of your licence, and possible expulsion from Canada. A prison term is a strong possibility. Don't do it.

    Customs
    WARNING: This is not an authoritative source for Customs information with respect to visitors to Canada. Official publications on Canada Customs regulations and restrictions on goods brought into Canada for consumption by visitors are available through the nearest Canadian Consular office or can be viewed on the offical websites provided by the Government of Canada. The information below is provided only as a general, and by no means exhaustive, indication of the types of goods and limits that you may expect to be covered by these regulations.

    Scale of Import Allowances per visitor:

  • 200 cigarettes and 50 cigars, and 11cg. (2.2 lb.) tobacco;
  • 1 bottle 1.14 litre (40 imp. oz) of liquor or 24 x 355 ml (12 oz) bottles or tins (8.5 litres) of beer or ale per person (18 yr.s of age entering Alberta, Manitoba, Quebec), (19 yr.s of age in all other provinces and territories);
  • small amount of perfume for personal use;
  • gifts free of duties to the value of $60.00 (Canadian) per gift.
  • animals, plants, and food items are covered by a bewildering array of government regulations and departments. You must check current regulations for any item that falls into these categories.
  • Declare anything in your possession that you are not certain is permitted entry into Canada at the time you present yourself to Canada Customs. If an item is not permitted then attempting to enter it by concealment is SMUGGLING and the attempt will result in enforcement action against you.
  • Firearms
    All firearms must be declared to Canada Customs at the first point of entry. Otherwise, Customs will seize undeclared firearms and criminal charges may be laid.

    CITES - Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species
    The furs, skins, feathers and other parts of most large predators and many other animals are prohibited entry into Canada. Clothing and articles of apparel or jewellery which are made from these items are liable to be denied entry into Canada.

    Business trips, conventions and meetings
    Canada Customs has a special program called "The Foreign Organisations Remission Order" to meet the needs of U.S. organisations holding meetings in Canada. To obtain a copy of the "Welcome to Canada: A Guide to Canada Customs for Meetings, Conventions, Trade Shows & Exhibitions" contact the Canadian Embassy or Consulate nearest you.

    Shipping to Canada
    Harte & Lyne Limited can provide information on transportation companies that offer efficient service for "time-sensitive" meeting materials or exhibit goods. Bear in mind at all times that the passage of goods across an international border will entail some delay and that this delay can be anywhere from a few hours to a few days, depending on its cause. Goods should be consigned to Canada with sufficient time to allow for at least a twenty-four hours delay in customs.

    Goods and services tax (GST) and visitor rebates
    The Goods and Services Tax (GST) is a seven per cent tax charged on most goods and services sold or provided in Canada. As a visitor to Canada, you will pay the tax on most of your purchases. Under the Visitor Rebate Program, you may get a refund of the tax you paid on goods you take home and on short-term accommodation in Canada

    Additional information and a refund application form may be found in the "Tax Refund Application for Visitors" pamphlet available at Canada Customs offices, Canadian embassies and consulates, most tourism information centres, participating Canadian Duty Free Shops and some hotels and retail stores.